II. 词汇与表达
1. trash n.（Am. E）垃圾；废物；残屑
rubbish n. (Bri. E)
a trash-can一个垃圾箱
Could you please take out the trash when you go out? 你出去时能把垃圾拿出去吗？
2. chore n.（可数名词）杂务，杂事，日常的普通工作 housework家务
do the chores做杂务, do housework做家务活
She often helps her mother do the chores.
她经常帮助她妈妈干杂务活。
Who does the housework in your house?
在你家谁做家务？
3. hate v.讨厌；憎恨；憎恶
hate to do / hate doing sth讨厌干某事
like to do / like doing sth喜欢干某事
hate和like接不定式或动名词在意思上没有多大区别。一般情况下，不定式表示某一次或某几次的动作，而动名词表示经常性的行为。
I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。
He hates getting up early. 他讨厌早起。
I hate to trouble you. 我不愿意麻烦你。
4. borrow v. 借进，借来 lend v. 借出
borrow sth from sb. 向某人借……
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb把……借给某人
You can borrow some money from your brother if you want to buy the CD player.
如果你想买那个CD机，你可以向你的哥哥借些钱。
Who lent you the bike? 谁借给你自行车的？
注意：在表达“借了多长时间”时，即不能用borrow也不能用lend，因为它们都是终止性的动词。要用keep。例如：
How long may I keep the book?
这本书我可以借多长时间？
5. invite v. 邀请 invitation n. 邀请；请柬
invite sb to do sth/to dinner/to the party/to one’s house
邀请某人干某事/吃饭/参加晚会/去某人家
They invited me to go for a picnic with them last Sunday.
上星期天他们邀请我和他们一起去野餐了。
I got his invitation to his exhibition.
我得到了他展览会的邀请。
6. teenager n. 青少年 这个词由teen（十几岁，从13-**）加上age，再加上r，表示人。
Teenagers are not allowed to drive.
青少年不允许开车。
7. feed v. 喂养，给予食物
feed sb with sth / feed sth to sb用……喂给某人
feed on=live on以……为食

III. 重点短语
take out ... 把…… 拿出去
do the dishes 洗餐具 = wash the dishes
do the laundry 洗衣服 = wash the clothes
do chores 处理琐事；干家务 = do housework
go to a meeting 开会（指参加听讲）= have a meeting
hold a meeting 开会（指召集会议）
work on + 名词/v-ing 从事；忙于……
sweep the floor擦地
make one’s bed/make the bed/make the beds铺床
fold the clothes叠衣服
do the laundry洗衣服
stay out late在外边呆到很晚
have/take a test（参加）考查；进行考试
take care of=look after照看
play with sb/sth和……一起玩
forget/remember to do 忘记/记住去干某事
forget/remember doing忘记/记住干过某事
have/hold a school party举行学校晚会

IV. 重点句子
1. You have to clean your room first. 你得先把房间打扫干净。
have to 是情态动词“不得不”，表示客观“必须”，它具备实义动词的特点--有人称和数的变化，变成否定形式时加助动词“don’t/doesn’t/didn’t”，变为疑问形式时，需要加助动词“Do/Does/Did ...”例如：
You don’t have to go there now.
你不必现在去那里。
My friend doesn’t have to go to school by bus because he lives near the school.
我的朋友没必要坐车去上学，因为他住的离学校很近。
Do you have to be there by six o’clock?
你必须在六点前赶到那里吗？
2. Thanks for taking care of my dog.
谢谢你帮我照看狗。
Thanks for/Thank you for ... “for”为介词，在英语中，介词后面要接名词或动名词——即动词后面加-ing形式，例如：
Thanks for your help/your invitation to your party.
谢谢你的帮助/你的聚会请柬。（help和invitation均为名词）
Thanks for helping me/inviting me to your party. 谢谢你帮助我/邀请我参加你的聚会。
（helping和inviting均为动名词）
3. Take him for a walk. 带它去散散步。
此类句子为祈使句，省略了主语“You”，表示请求，命令，建议等等。例如：
Give him water and feed him.
要给他水喝，给他喂食。
Then wash his bowl. 然后把他的碗洗干净。
Don’t forget to clean his bed.
不要忘记给他清理睡觉的床。
4. I went to your home, but you weren’t in.
我去你家了，可你不在。
be in在家（表示状态）

V. 背景知识
In the U.S., it is believed that children with regular household chores have a better self-image, become more responsible and competent, and feel more closely connected to the family. Household chores are assigned to each family member. Many families use a chart to record which chores each family member will do during the month. Chores are assigned by the parents to each child and are selected to match the ability of the child. More difficult chores are usually assigned to the older children, and children are usually paid an allowance each month. The older children usually receive a larger allowance, which reflects the quantity and the type of chores that they do.
The following are some typical chores of them.
Daily Tasks
•Making your bed (younger children)
•keeping your bedroom clean
•Washing and drying own dishes (as they use them)
•Putting dirty clothes in the laundry basket
•Walking / feeding the dog
Major Chores
•Doing the laundry
•Sweeping or vacuuming
•Cooking
•Taking out the garbage
•Mowing the lawn / weeding the yard
•Washing the dog
•Washing the car(责任编辑：haoxuee)